IJACSA Vol. 2 Issue 7 (2011)

1

An Approach for Teaching of National Languages and Cultures through ICT in Cameroon

Author 1: Marcellin Nkenlifack Author 2: Bethin Demsong Author 3: A. Teko Domche Author 4: Raoul Nangue

This article describes the input of ICT to the modernization of teaching national languages and cultures in order to promote cultural diversity as well as dissemination of scientific knowledge through national languages. This will also reinforce the understanding capacities of the population. This project will serve as the guideline towards development of scientific knowledge and know-how. It presents numerous psychological, pedagogic, scientific and social advantages, among which there is a sensitization of our languages and cultures, the deployment of a platform in some schools, the training of teachers in using ICT in language teaching, the distribution self-learning aids, the development of a website for analysis and dissemination of cultural data, of conservation of linguistic and cultural heritage, and worthiness of pre-requisites and local predispositions towards the emergence and development of technology. It will contribute to make concrete the introduction of teaching national languages in the school curricula in Cameroon.

Local Languages Culture ICT Learning Platform TICELaCuN Management Tools.

Abstract doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2011.020701 PDF

2

Automatic Queuing Model for Banking Applications

Author 1: Ahmed S.A AL-Jumaily Author 2: Dr. Huda K. T. AL-Jobori

Queuing is the process of moving customers in a specific sequence to a specific service according to the customer need. The term scheduling stands for the process of computing a schedule. This may be done by a queuing based scheduler. This paper focuses on the banks lines system, the different queuing algorithms that are used in banks to serve the customers, and the average waiting time. The aim of this paper is to build automatic queuing system for organizing the banks queuing system that can analyses the queue status and take decision which customer to serve. The new queuing architecture model can switch between different scheduling algorithms according to the testing results and the factor of the average waiting time. The main innovation of this work concerns the modeling of the average waiting time is taken into processing, in addition with the process of switching to the scheduling algorithm that gives the best average waiting time.

Queuing Systems Queuing System models Queuing System Management Scheduling Algorithms.

Abstract doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2011.020702 PDF

3

Error Detection and Correction over Two-Dimensional and Two-Diagonal Model and Five-Dimensional Model

Author 1: Danial Aflakian Author 2: Dr.Tamanna Siddiqui Author 3: Najeeb Ahmad Khan Author 4: Davoud Aflakian

In this research paper we discover two different schemes of error detection and correction which are based on parity-check code for optimal error detection and correction utilizing check bits without degrading the data rate too much. The scheme of the first method is obtained by arranging data in rows, to form a square, and then parity bits are added. The second scheme builds upon the first, by forming a square cube and the parity scheme is extended to this shape.

component Data Communication Error detection and correction Linear Block Coding Parity check code.

Abstract doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2011.020703 PDF

4

Developing Digital Control System Centrifugal Pumping Unit

Author 1: Safarini Osama

Currently, the leading Russian oil companies engaged in the development of automatic control systems (ACS) oil equipment, to improve its efficiency. As an example of an object needed to optimize its work, a centrifugal pumping unit (CPU) can be specified. Frequency actuators provide an opportunity to run CPU in any algorithm, and many industrial controllers, are part of the automatic control system technological process (ACSTP), allow optimizing the operation of the centrifugal pumping unit and help determine the requirements for the development of digital automatic control system for CPU. The development of digital automatic control systems for such a complex nonlinear control object like CPU has several features that should be considered when designing control systems for that object.

ACS - Automatic Control System CPU- Centrifugal Pumping Unit PID- A proportional–integral–derivative.

Abstract doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2011.020704 PDF

5

Image Compression of MRI Image using Planar Coding

Author 1: Lalitha Y S Author 2: Mrityunjaya V. Latte

In this paper a hierarchical coding technique for variable bit rate service is developed using embedded zero block coding approach. The suggested approach enhances the variable rate coding by zero tree based block-coding architecture with Context Modeling for low complexity and high performance. The proposed algorithm utilizes the significance state-table forming the context modeling to control the coding passes with low memory requirement and low implementation complexity with the nearly same performance as compared to the existing coding techniques.

image coding embedded block coding context modeling multi rate services.

Abstract doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2011.020705 PDF

6

A Parallel and Concurrent Implementation of Lin-Kernighan Heuristic (LKH-2) for Solving Traveling Salesman Problem for Multi-Core Processors using SPC3 Programming Model

Author 1: Muhammad Ali Ismail Author 2: Dr. Shahid H. Mirza Author 3: Dr. Talat Altaf

With the arrival of multi-cores, every processor has now built-in parallel computational power and that can be fully utilized only if the program in execution is written accordingly. This study is a part of an on-going research for designing of a new parallel programming model for multi-core processors. In this paper we have presented a combined parallel and concurrent implementation of Lin-Kernighan Heuristic (LKH-2) for Solving Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) using a newly developed parallel programming model, SPC3 PM, for general purpose multi-core processors. This implementation is found to be very simple, highly efficient, scalable and less time consuming in compare to the existing LKH-2 serial implementations in multi-core processing environment. We have tested our parallel implementation of LKH-2 with medium and large size TSP instances of TSBLIB. And for all these tests our proposed approach has shown much improved performance and scalability.

TSP Parallel Heuristics Multi-core processors parallel programming models.

Abstract doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2011.020706 PDF

7

Performance Evaluation of Mesh - Based Multicast Routing Protocols in MANET’s

Author 1: M Nagaratna Author 2: V. Kamakshi Prasad Author 3: Raghavendra Rao

Multicasting is a challenging task that facilitates group communication among the nodes using the most efficient strategy to deliver the messages over each link of the network. In spite of significant research achievements in recent years, efficient and extendable multicast routing in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) is still a difficult issue. This paper proposes the comparison of ODMR and PUMA protocol. As per the simulation results PUMA is better than ODMR.

MANET multicast QoS.

Abstract doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2011.020707 PDF

8

Characterization of Dynamic Bayesian Network-The Dynamic Bayesian Network as temporal network

Author 1: Nabil Ghanmi Author 2: Mohamed Ali Mahjoub Author 3: Najoua Essoukri Ben Amara

In this report, we will be interested at Dynamic Bayesian Network (DBNs) as a model that tries to incorporate temporal dimension with uncertainty. We start with basics of DBN where we especially focus in Inference and Learning concepts and algorithms. Then we will present different levels and methods of creating DBNs as well as approaches of incorporating temporal dimension in static Bayesian network.

DBN DAG Inference Learning HMM EM Algorithm SEM MLE coupled HMMs.

Abstract doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2011.020708 PDF

9

Triple SV: A Bit Level Symmetric Block-Cipher Having High Avalanche Effect

Author 1: Rajdeep Chakraborty Author 2: Sonam Agarwal Author 3: Sridipta Misra Author 4: Vineet Khemka

The prolific growth of network communication system entails high risk of breach in information security. This substantiates the need for higher security for electronic information. Cryptography is one of the ways to secure electronic documents. In this paper, we propose a new block cipher, TRIPLE SV (3SV), with 256-bit block size and 112-bit key length. Generally, stream ciphers produce higher avalanche effect but Triple SV shows a substantial rise in avalanche effect with a block cipher implementation. The CBC mode has been used to attain higher avalanche effect. The technique is implemented in C language and has been tested for feasibility

Avalanche Effect Block Cipher Cipher Block Chaining (CBC) mode Cryptography.

Abstract doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2011.020709 PDF

10

Investigation on Simulation and Measurement of Reverberation for Small Rooms

Author 1: Zhixin Chen

This paper investigates the simulation of reverberation in a small room using image source method, Schroeder model, and Gardner model. It then compares the simulation results with measurement of reverberation in the real measurement room. It shows a large difference between the simulation and the real measurement of reverberation due to the over-simplified representation of the sound source, receiver, and room surfaces in the models. A reverberation simulation model including the real measurement of the source, receiver, and room surfaces will be developed to better match the real measurement of reverberation.

Digital Signal Processing Reverberaton Room Acoustics Embedded Systems.

Abstract doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2011.020710 PDF

11

Performance Analysis of Corporate Feed Rectangular Patch Element and Circular Patch Element 4x2 Microstrip Array Antennas

Author 1: Md. Tanvir Ishtaique-ul Huque Author 2: Md. Al-Amin Chowdhury Author 3: Md. Kamal Hosain Author 4: Md. Shah Alam

This paper present simple, slim, low cost and high gain circular patch and rectangular patch microstrip array antenna, with the details steps of design process, operate in X-band(8 GHz to 12 GHz) and it provides a mean to choose the effective one based on the performance analysis of both of these array antennas. The method of analysis, design and development of these array antennas are explained completely here and analyses are carried out for 4x2 arrays. The simulation has been performed by using commercially available antenna simulator, SONNET version V12.56, to compute the current distribution, return loss response and radiation pattern. The proposed antennas are designed by using Taconic TLY-5 dielectric substrate with permittivity, er = 2.2 and height, h =1.588 mm. In all cases we get return losses in the range -4.96 dB to -25.21 dB at frequencies around 10 GHz. The gain of these antennas as simulated are found above 6 dB and side lobe label is maintained lower than main lobe. Operating frequency of these antennas is 10 GHz so these antennas are suitable for X-band application.

microstrip array antenna rectangular patch return loss X band circular patch.

Abstract doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2011.020711 PDF

12

A Comparative Study of various Secure Routing Protocols based on AODV

Author 1: Dalip Kamboj Author 2: Pankaj Kumar Sehgal

The paper surveyed and compared various secure routing protocols for the mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). MANETs are vulnerable to various security threats because of its dynamic topology and selfconfigurable nature. Security attacks on ad hoc network routing protocols disrupt network performance and reliability. The paper significantly based on base routing protocol AODV and Secure protocol based on AODV. The comparison between various secure routing protocols has been made on the basis of security services and security attacks. From the survey it is quite clear that these protocols are vulnerable to various routing attacks. A multifence secure routing protocol is still required to fulfill the basic security services and provide solution against various attacks.

ad hoc network basic security servieces security attack.

Abstract doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2011.020712 PDF

13

The threshold EM algorithm for parameter learning in bayesian network with incomplete data

Author 1: Fradj Ben Lamine Author 2: Karim Kalti Author 3: Mohamed Ali Mahjoub

Bayesian networks (BN) are used in a big range of applications but they have one issue concerning parameter learning. In real application, training data are always incomplete or some nodes are hidden. To deal with this problem many learning parameter algorithms are suggested foreground EM, Gibbs sampling and RBE algorithms. In order to limit the search space and escape from local maxima produced by executing EM algorithm, this paper presents a learning parameter algorithm that is a fusion of EM and RBE algorithms. This algorithm incorporates the range of a parameter into the EM algorithm. This range is calculated by the first step of RBE algorithm allowing a regularization of each parameter in bayesian network after the maximization step of the EM algorithm. The threshold EM algorithm is applied in brain tumor diagnosis and show some advantages and disadvantages over the EM algorithm.

bayesian network parameter learning missing data EM algorithm Gibbs sampling RBE algorithm brain tumor.

Abstract doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2011.020713 PDF

14

Emotion Classification Using Facial Expression

Author 1: Devi Arumugam Author 2: Dr. S. Purushothaman B.E, M.E

Human emotional facial expressions play an important role in interpersonal relations. This is because humans demonstrate and convey a lot of evident information visually rather than verbally. Although humans recognize facial expressions virtually without effort or delay, reliable expression recognition by machine remains a challenge as of today. To automate recognition of emotional state, machines must be taught to understand facial gestures. In this paper we developed an algorithm which is used to identify the person’s emotional state through facial expression such as angry, disgust, happy. This can be done with different age group of people with different situation. We Used a Radial Basis Function network (RBFN) for classification and Fisher’s Linear Discriminant (FLD), Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) for feature selection.

Universal Emotions FLD SVD Eigen Values Eigen Vector RBF Network.

Abstract doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2011.020714 PDF

15

Workshare Process of Thread Programming and MPI Model on Multicore Architecture

Author 1: R Refianti Author 2: A.B. Mutiara Author 3: D.T Hasta

Comparison between OpenMP for thread programming model and MPI for message passing programming model will be conducted on multicore shared memory machine architectures in order to find which has a better performance in terms of speed and throughput. Application used to assess the scalability of the evaluated parallel programming solutions is matrix multiplication with customizable matrix dimension. Many research done on a large scale parallel computing which using high scale benchmark such as NSA Parallel Benchmark (NPB) for their testing standardization [2]. This research will be conducted on a small scale parallel computing that emphasize more on the performance evaluation between MPI and OpenMP parallel programming model using self created benchmark. It also describes how workshare processes done on different parallel programming model. It gives comparative result between message passing and shared memory programming model in runtime and amount of throughput. Testing methodology also simple and has high usability on the available resources.

MPI OpenMP SMP Multicore Multithreading.

Abstract doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2011.020715 PDF

16

Hybrid Approaches to Image Coding: A Review

Author 1: Rehna V J Author 2: Jeya Kumar. M. K

Now a days, the digital world is most focused on storage space and speed. With the growing demand for better bandwidth utilization, efficient image data compression techniques have emerged as an important factor for image data transmission and storage. To date, different approaches to image compression have been developed like the classical predictive coding, popular transform coding and vector quantization. Several second generation coding schemes or the segmentation based schemes are also gaining popularity. Practically efficient compression systems based on hybrid coding which combines the advantages of different traditional methods of image coding have also being developed over the years. In this paper, different hybrid approaches to image compression are discussed. Hybrid coding of images, in this context, deals with combining two or more traditional approaches to enhance the individual methods and achieve better quality reconstructed images with higher compression ratio. Literature on hybrid techniques of image coding over the past years is also reviewed. An attempt is made to highlight the neuro-wavelet approach for enhancing coding efficiency.

Hybrid coding Predictive coding Segmentation Vector Quantization Compression ratio.

Abstract doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2011.020716 PDF

17

Software Security Requirements Gathering Instrument

Author 1: Smriti Jain Author 2: Maya Ingle

Security breaches are largely caused by the vulnerable software. Since individuals and organizations mostly depend on softwares, it is important to produce in secured manner. The first step towards producing secured software is through gathering security requirements. This paper describes Software Security Requirements Gathering Instrument (SSRGI) that helps gather security requirements from the various stakeholders. This will guide the developers to gather security requirements along with the functional requirements and further incorporate security during other phases of software development. We subsequently present case studies that describe the integration of the SSRGI instrument with Software Requirements Specification (SRS) document as specified in standard IEEE 830-1998. Proposed SSRGI will support the software developers in gathering security requirements in detail during requirements gathering phase.

Software Requirements Specification Security Policy Security Objectives Security Requirements.

Abstract doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2011.020717 PDF

18

The Development Process of the Semantic Web and Web Ontology

Author 1: K Vanitha Author 2: M.Sri Venkatesh Author 3: K.Ravindra Author 4: S.Venkata Lakshmi

This paper deals with the semantic web and web ontology. The existing ontology development processes are not catered towards casual web ontology development, a notion analogous to standard web page development. Ontologies have become common on the World-Wide Web[2]. Key features of this process include easy and rapid creation of ontological skeletons, searching and linking to existing ontologies and a natural language-based technique to improve presentation of ontologies[6]. Ontologies, however, vary greatly in size, scope and semantics. They can range from generic upper-level ontologies to domain-specific schemas. The success of the Semantic Web is based on the existance of numerous distributed ontologies, using which users can annotate their data, thereby enabling shared machine readable content. This paper elaborates the stages in a casual ontology development process.

Toolkits ontology semantic web language-based web ontology.

Abstract doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2011.020718 PDF

19

Solving the Vehicle Routing Problem using Genetic Algorithm

Author 1: Abdul Kadar Muhammad Masum Author 2: Mohammad Shahjalal Author 3: Md. Faisal Faruque Author 4: Md. Iqbal Hasan Sarker

he main goal of this research is to find a solution of Vehicle Routing Problem using genetic algorithms. The Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) is a complex combinatorial optimization problem that belongs to the NP-complete class. Due to the nature of the problem it is not possible to use exact methods for large instances of the VRP. Genetic algorithms provide a search technique used in computing to find true or approximate solution to optimization and search problems. However we used some heuristic in addition during crossover or mutation for tuning the system to obtain better result.

Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) Genetic Algorithm NP-complete Heuristic.

Abstract doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2011.020719 PDF

20

Reconfigurable Efficient Design of Viterbi Decoder for Wireless Communication Systems

Author 1: Swati Gupta Author 2: Rajesh mehra

Viterbi Decoders are employed in digital wireless communication systems to decode the convolution codes which are the forward correction codes. These decoders are quite complex and dissipate large amount of power. With the proliferation of battery powered devices such as cellular phones and laptop computers, power dissipation, along with speed and area, is a major concern in VLSI design. In this paper, a low power and high speed viterbi decoder has been designed. The proposed design has been designed using Matlab, synthesized using Xilinx Synthesis Tool and implemented on Xilinx Virtex-II Pro based XC2vpx30 FPGA device. The results show that the proposed design can operate at an estimated frequency of 62.6 MHz by consuming fewer resources on target device.

Clock Gating FPGA VHDL Trace Back Viterbi Decoder.

Abstract doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2011.020720 PDF

21

Survey of Contrast Enhancement Techniques based on Histogram Equalization

Author 1: Manpreet Kaur Author 2: Jasdeep Kaur Author 3: Jappreet Kaur

This Contrast enhancement is frequently referred to as one of the most important issues in image processing. Histogram equalization (HE) is one of the common methods used for improving contrast in digital images. Histogram equalization (HE) has proved to be a simple and effective image contrast enhancement technique. However, the conventional histogram equalization methods usually result in excessive contrast enhancement, which causes the unnatural look and visual artifacts of the processed image. This paper presents a review of new forms of histogram for image contrast enhancement. The major difference among the methods in this family is the criteria used to divide the input histogram. Brightness preserving Bi-Histogram Equalization (BBHE) and Quantized Bi-Histogram Equalization (QBHE) use the average intensity value as their separating point. Dual Sub-Image Histogram Equalization (DSIHE) uses the median intensity value as the separating point. Minimum Mean Brightness Error Bi-HE (MMBEBHE) uses the separating point that produces the smallest Absolute Mean Brightness Error (AMBE). Recursive Mean-Separate Histogram Equalization (RMSHE) is another improvement of BBHE. The Brightness preserving dynamic histogram equalization (BPDHE) method is actually an extension to both MPHEBP and DHE. Weighting mean-separated sub-histogram equalization (WMSHE) method is to perform the effective contrast enhancement of the digital image.

component image processing contrast enhancement histogram equalization minimum mean brightness error brightness preserving enhancement histogram partition.

Abstract doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2011.020721 PDF

22

RETRACTED: Status of Wireless Technologies Used For Designing Home Automation System - A Review

Author 1: Ashish J Ingle Author 2: Bharti W. Gawali

After careful and considered review of the content of this paper by a duly constituted expert committee, this paper has been found to be in violation of IJACSA`s Publication Principles. We hereby retract the content of this paper. Reasonable effort should be made to remove all past references to this paper. Retraction DOI: 10.14569/IJACSA.2011.020722.retraction

Automation Technology Reliable.

Abstract doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2011.020722 PDF

23

Image Compression Techniques Using Modified high quality Multi wavelets

Author 1: M Ashok Author 2: Dr.T.BhaskaraReddy

over the past decade, the success of wavelets in solving many different problems has contributed to its unprecedented popularity. For best performance in image compression, wavelet transforms require filters that combine a number of desirable properties, such as orthogonality and symmetry. Advances in wavelet transforms and quantization methods have produced algorithms capable of surpassing the existing image compression standards like the Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) algorithm. For best performance in image compression, wavelet transforms require filters that combine a number of desirable properties, such as orthogonality and symmetry. This paper presents new multi wavelet transform and quantization methods and introduces multi wavelet packets. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that our techniques exhibit performance equal to, or in several cases superior to, the current wavelet filters.

Multi wavelets DWT Image coding Quantizers ANN.

Abstract doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2011.020723 PDF

24

On Algebraic Spectrum of Ontology Evaluation

Author 1: Adekoya Adebayo Felix Author 2: Akinwale Adio Taofiki Author 3: Sofoluwe Adetokunbo

Ontology evaluation remains an important open problem in the area of its application. The ontology structure evaluation framework for benchmarking the internal graph structures was proposed. The framework was used in transport and biochemical ontology. The corresponding adjacency, incidence matrices and other structural properties due to the class hierarchical structure of the transport and biochemical ontology were computed using MATLAB. The results showed that the choice of suitable choice must depend on the purpose of ontology structure evaluation.

Ontology evaluation adjacency matrix graph algebraic spectrum.

Abstract doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2011.020724 PDF

25

Evaluation of SIGMA and SCTPmx for High Handover Rate Vehicle

Author 1: Hala Eldaw Idris Jubara Author 2: Sharifah Hafizah Syed Ariffin

Rapid technological advance in wireless mobile communication offered Internet accessibility at anytime and anywhere including high speed wireless environment such as in high speed trains, fast moving cars etc. However, wireless Quality of Service (QoS) provisioning in such high speed movement is more difficult and challenging to be tackled than in a fixed-wired environment. This paper discussed transport layer protocol, SCTP to support seamless handover that can guarantees and maintain high QoS in high speed vehicle. The comparison of the selected protocol have been identified and analysed in two handover techniques SIGMA and SCTPmx to optimize its performance in high speed vehicular environment.

handover latency speed SCTP mobility management vehicle.

Abstract doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2011.020725 PDF