IJACSA Vol. 2 Issue 2 (2011)

1

Building XenoBuntu Linux Distribution for Teaching and Prototyping Real-Time Operating Systems

Author 1: Nabil LITAYEM Author 2: Ahmed BEN ACHBALLAH Author 3: Slim BEN SAOUD

This paper describes the realization of a new Linux distribution based on Ubuntu Linux and Xenomai Real-Time framework. This realization is motivated by the eminent need of real-time systems in modern computer science courses. The majority of the technical choices are made after qualitative comparison. The main goal of this distribution is to offer standard Operating Systems (OS) that include Xenomai infrastructure and the essential tools to begin hard real-time application development inside a convivial desktop environment. The released live/installable DVD can be adopted to emulate several classic RTOS Application Program Interfaces (APIs), directly use and understand real-time Linux in convivial desktop environment and prototyping real-time embedded applications.

Real-time systems Linux Remastering RTOS API Xenomai

Abstract doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2011.020201 PDF

2

Design and Implementation of NoC architectures based on the SpaceWire protocol

Author 1: Sami HACHED Author 2: Mohamed GRAJA Author 3: Slim BEN SAOUD

The SpaceWire is a standard for high-speed links and networks used onboard spacecrafts, designed by the ESA, and widely used on many space missions by multiple space agencies. SpaceWire has shown a great flexibility by giving the space missions a wide range of possible configurations and topologies. Nevertheless, each topology presents its own set of tradeoffs such as hardware limitations, speed performance, power consumption, costs of implementation, etc. In order to compensate these drawbacks and increase the efficiency of the SpaceWire networks, many solutions are being considered. One of these solutions is the Network on Chip or NoC configuration which resolves many of these drawbacks by reducing the complexity of designing with a regular architecture improving speed, power, and reliability and guaranteeing a controlled structure. This paper presents the main steps for building Network on Chip based on the SpaceWire protocol. It describes the internal structure, the functioning and the communication mechanism of the Network’s Nodes. It also exposes the software development and the validation strategy, and discusses the tests and results conducted on the adopted NoC topologies.

NoC architectures SpaceWire protocol Codec IP FPGA.

Abstract doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2011.020202 PDF

3

A Study on Cross Layer MAC design for performance optimization of routing protocols in MANETs

Author 1: P.K Alima Beebi Author 2: Sulava Singha Author 3: Ranjit Mane

One of the most visible trends in today’s commercial communication market is the adoption of wireless technology. Wireless networks are expected to carry traffic that will be a mix of real time traffic such as voice, multimedia conferences, games and data traffic such as web browsing, messaging and file transfer. All of these applications require widely varying and very diverse Quality of Service (QoS) guarantees. In an effort to improve the performance of wireless networks, there has been increased interest in protocols that rely on interactions between different layers. Cross-Layer Design has become the new issue in wireless communication systems as it seeks to enhance the capacity of wireless networks significantly through the joint optimization of multiple layers in the network. Wireless multi-hop ad-hoc networks have generated a lot of interest in the recent past due to their many potential applications. Multi-hopping implies the existence of many geographically distributed devices that share the wireless medium which creates the need for efficient MAC and routing protocols to mitigate interference and take full advantage of spatial reuse. Cross-Layer Design is an emerging proposal to support flexible layer approaches in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs). In this paper, we present few Cross-Layer MAC design proposals by analyzing the ongoing research activities in this area for optimizing the performance of routing protocols in MANETs.

cross-layer routing MAC MANET multi-hop networks

Abstract doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2011.020203 PDF

4

Churn Prediction in Telecommunication Using Data Mining Technology

Author 1: Rahul J Jadhav Author 2: Usharani T. Pawar

Since its inception, the field of Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery from Databases has been driven by the need to solve practical problems. In this paper an attempt is made to build a decision support system using data mining technology for churn prediction in Telecommunication Company. Telecommunication companies face considerable loss of revenue, because some of the customers who are at risk of leaving a company. Increasing such customers, becoming crucial problem for any telecommunication company. As the size of the organization increases such cases also increases, which makes it difficult to manage, such alarming conditions by a routine information system. Hence, needed is highly sophisticated customized and advanced decision support system. In this paper, process of designing such a decision support system through data mining technique is described. The proposed model is capable of predicting customers churn behavior well in advance.

churn prediction data mining Decision support system churn behavior.

Abstract doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2011.020204 PDF

5

Knowledge-Based System’s Modeling for Software Process Model Selection

Author 1: Abdur Abdur Khan Author 2: Zia Ur Rehman Author 3: Hafeez Ullah Amin

This paper depicts the knowledge-based system named as ESPMS (Expert System for Process Model Selection) through various models. A questionnaire was developed to identify important parameters, which were evaluated through domain experts in about all the universities of Pakistan. No exact system was found, which could guide Software Engineers for selection of a proper model during software development. This paper shows that how various technologies like Fuzzy Logic, Certainty Factors, and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) can be adopted to develop the Expert System. Priorities assignments to critical factors have been shown for decision making in the model selection for a problem domain. This research work will be beneficial to both students and researchers for integrating Soft Computing Techniques and Software Engineering.

ESPMS Expert System Analytical Hierarchy Process Certainty Factors Fuzzy Logic Decision-Making

Abstract doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2011.020205 PDF

6

Modelling & Designing Land Record Information System Using Unified Modelling Language

Author 1: Kanwalvir Singh Dhindsa Author 2: Himanshu Aggarwal

Automation of Land Records is one of the most important initiatives undertaken by the revenue department to facilitate the landowners of the state of Punjab. A number of such initiatives have been taken in different States of the country. Recently, there has been a growing tendency to adopt UML (Unified Modeling Language) for different modeling needs and domains, and is widely used for designing and modelling Information systems. UML diagramming practices have been applied for designing and modeling the land record information system so as to improve technical accuracy and understanding in requirements related with this information system. We have applied a subset of UML diagrams for modeling the land record information system. The case study of Punjab state has been taken up for modelling the current scenario of land record information system in the state. Unified Modeling Language (UML) has been used as the specification technique. This paper proposes a refined software development process combined with modeled process of UML and presents the comparison study of the various tools used with UML.

information system Unified Modeling Language (UML) software modelling software development process UML tools.

Abstract doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2011.020206 PDF

7

An Algorithm to Reduce the Time Complexity of Earliest Deadline First Scheduling Algorithm in Real-Time System

Author 1: Jagbeer Singh Author 2: Bichitrananda Patra Author 3: Satyendra Prasad Singh

To this paper we have study to Reduce the time Complexity of Earliest Deadline First (EDF), a global scheduling scheme for Earliest Deadline First in Real Time System tasks on a Multiprocessors system. Several admission control algorithms for earliest deadline first are presented, both for hard and soft real-time tasks. The average performance of these admission control algorithms is compared with the performance of known partitioning schemes. We have applied some modification to the global earliest deadline first algorithms to decrease the number of task migration and also to add predictability to its behavior. The Aim of this work is to provide a sensitivity analysis for task deadline context of multiprocessor system by using a new approach of EFDF (Earliest Feasible Deadline First) algorithm. In order to decrease the number of migrations we prevent a job from moving one processor to another processor if it is among the m higher priority jobs. Therefore, a job will continue its execution on the same processor if possible (processor affinity). The result of these comparisons outlines some situations where one scheme is preferable over the other. Partitioning schemes are better suited for hard real-time systems, while a global scheme is preferable for soft real-time systems.

Real-time system task migration earliest deadline first earliest feasible deadline first.

Abstract doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2011.020207 PDF

8

Analysis of Software Reliability Data using Exponential Power Model

Author 1: Ashwini Kumar Srivastava Author 2: Vijay Kumar

In this paper, Exponential Power (EP) model is proposed to analyze the software reliability data and the present work is an attempt to represent that the model is as software reliability model. The approximate MLE using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) method and the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods are used to estimate the parameters of the EP model. A procedure is developed to estimate the parameters of the EP model using MCMC simulation method in OpenBUGS by incorporating a module into OpenBUGS. The R functions are developed to study the various statistical properties of the proposed model and the output analysis of MCMC samples generated from OpenBUGS. A real software reliability data set is considered for illustration of the proposed methodology under informative set of priors.

EP model Probability density function Cumulative density function Hazard rate function Reliability function Parameter estimation MLE Bayesian estimation.

Abstract doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2011.020208 PDF

9

Priority Based Dynamic Round Robin (PBDRR) Algorithm with Intelligent Time Slice for Soft Real Time Systems

Author 1: Rakesh Mohanty Author 2: H. S. Behera Author 3: Khusbu Patwari Author 4: Monisha Dash Author 5: Lakshmi Prasanna

In this paper, a new variant of Round Robin (RR) algorithm is proposed which is suitable for soft real time systems. RR algorithm performs optimally in timeshared systems, but it is not suitable for soft real time systems. Because it gives more number of context switches, larger waiting time and larger response time. We have proposed a novel algorithm, known as Priority Based Dynamic Round Robin Algorithm(PBDRR), which calculates intelligent time slice for individual processes and changes after every round of execution. The proposed scheduling algorithm is developed by taking dynamic time quantum concept into account. Our experimental results show that our proposed algorithm performs better than algorithm in [8] in terms of reducing the number of context switches, average waiting time and average turnaround time.

Real time system Operating System Scheduling Round Robin Algorithm Context switch Waiting time Turnaround time.

Abstract doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2011.020209 PDF

10

Application of Expert System with Fuzzy Logic in Teachers’ Performance Evaluation

Author 1: Abdur Rashid Khan Author 2: Hafeez Ullah Amin Author 3: Zia Ur Rehman

This paper depicts adaptation of expert systems technology using fuzzy logic to handle qualitative and uncertain facts in the decision making process. Human behaviors are mostly based upon qualitative facts, which cannot be numerically measured and hardly to decide correctly. This approach is an attempt to cope with such problems in the scenario of teachers’ performance evaluation. An Expert System was developed and applied to the acquired knowledge about the problem domain that showed interesting results providing a sketch for students and researchers to find solutions of such types of problems. Through Fuzzy Logic we numerically weighted the linguistic terms, like; very good, good, bad, or high, medium, low or satisfied, unsatisfied by assigning priorities to these qualitative facts. During final decision making, key parameters were given weights according to their priorities through mapping numeric results from uncertain knowledge and mathematical formulae were applied to calculate the numeric results at final. In this way this ES will not only be useful for decision-makers to evaluate teachers’ abilities but may also be adopted in writing Annual Confidential Reports (ACR) of about all the employees of an organization.

Expert System Fuzzy Random Variables Decision Making Teachers’ Performance Qualitative & Uncertain Knowledge.

Abstract doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2011.020210 PDF

11

Dynamic Approach To Enhance Performance Of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing(OFDM) In A Wireless Communication Network

Author 1: James Agajo Author 2: Isaac O. Avazi Omeiza Author 3: Idigo Victor Eze Author 4: Okhaifoh Joseph(

In the mobile radio environment, signals are usually impaired by fading and multipath delay phenomenon. This work modeled and simulates OFDM in a wireless environment, it also illustrates adaptive modulation and coding over a dispersive multipath fading channel whereby simulation varies the result dynamically. Dynamic approach entails adopting probabilistic approach to determining channel allocation; First an OFDM network environment is modeled to get a clear picture of the OFDM concept. Next disturbances such as noise are deliberately introduced into systems that are both OFDM modulated and non-OFDM modulated to see how the system reacts. This enables comparison of the effect of noise on OFDM signals and non-OFDM modulated signals. Finally efforts are made using digital encoding schemes such as QAM and DPSK to reduce the effects of such disturbances on the transmitted signals. In the mobile radio environment, signals are usually impaired by fading and multipath delay phenomenon. In such channels, severe fading of the signal amplitude and inter-symbol-interference (ISI) due to the frequency electivity of the channel cause an unacceptable degradation of error performance. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is an efficient scheme to mitigate the effect of multipath channel.

OFDM Inter-Carrier Interference IFFT multipath Signal.

Abstract doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2011.020211 PDF

12

Sectorization of Full Kekre’s Wavelet Transform for Feature extraction of Color Images

Author 1: H B Kekre Author 2: Dhirendra Mishra

An innovative idea of sectorization of Full Kekre’s Wavelet transformed (KWT)[1] images for extracting the features has been proposed. The paper discusses two planes i.e. Forward plane (Even plane) and backward plane (Odd plane). These two planes are sectored into 4, 8, 12 and 16 sectors. An innovative concept of sum of absolute difference (AD) has been proposed as the similarity measuring parameters and compared with the well known Euclidean distance (ED).The performances of sectorization of two planes into different sector sizes in combination with two similarity measures are checked. Class wise retrieval performance of all sectors with respect to the similarity measures i.e. ED and AD is analyzed by means of its class (randomly chosen 5 images) average precision- recall cross over points, overall average (average of class average) precision-recall cross over points and two new parameters i.e. LIRS and LSRR.

CBIR Kekre’s Wavelet Transform (KWT) Euclidian Distance Sum of Absolute Difference LIRS LSRR Precision and Recall.

Abstract doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2011.020212 PDF

13

Dominating Sets and Spanning Tree based Clustering Algorithms for Mobile Ad hoc Networks

Author 1: R Krishnam Raju Indukuri Author 2: Suresh Varma Penumathsa

The infrastructure less and dynamic nature of mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) needs efficient clustering algorithms to improve network management and to design hierarchical routing protocols. Clustering algorithms in mobile ad hoc networks builds a virtual backbone for network nodes. Dominating sets and Spanning tree are widely used in clustering networks. Dominating sets and Spanning Tree based MANET clustering algorithms were suitable in a medium size network with respect to time and message complexities. This paper presents different clustering algorithms for mobile ad hoc networks based on dominating sets and spanning tree.

mobile ad hoc networks clustering dominating set and spanning trees

Abstract doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2011.020213 PDF

14

Distributed Group Key Management with Cluster based Communication for Dynamic Peer Groups

Author 1: Rajender Dharavath Author 2: K Bhima

Secure group communication is an increasingly popular research area having received much attention in recent years. Group key management is a fundamental building block for secure group communication systems. This paper introduces a new family of protocols addressing cluster based communication, and distributed group key agreement for secure group communication in dynamic peer groups. In this scheme, group members can be divided into sub groups called clusters. We propose three cluster based communication protocols with tree-based group key management. The protocols (1) provides the communication within the cluster by generating common group key within the cluster, (2) provides communication between the clusters by generating common group key between the clusters and (3) provides the communication among all clusters by generating common group key among the all clusters. In our approach group key will be updated for each session or when a user joins or leaves the cluster. More over we use Certificate Authority which guarantees key authentication, and protects our protocol from all types of attacks.

Secure Group Communication Key Agreement Key Tree Dynamic peer groups Cluster.

Abstract doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2011.020214 PDF

15

Extracting Code Resource from OWL by Matching Method Signatures using UML Design Document

Author 1: Gopinath Ganapathy Author 2: S. Sagayaraj

Software companies develop projects in various domains, but hardly archive the programs for future use. The method signatures are stored in the OWL and the source code components are stored in HDFS. The OWL minimizes the software development cost considerably. The design phase generates many artifacts. One such artifact is the UML class diagram for the project that consists of classes, methods, attributes, relations etc., as metadata. Methods needed for the project can be extracted from this OWL using UML metadata. The UML class diagram is given as input and the metadata about the method is extracted. The method signature is searched in OWL for the similar method prototypes and the appropriate code components will be extracted from the HDFS and reused in a project. By doing this process the time, manpower system resources and cost will be reduced in Software development.

Component: Unified Modeling language XML XMI Metadata Interchange Metadata Web Ontology Language Jena framework

Abstract doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2011.020215 PDF

16

Magneto-Hydrodynamic Antenna Design and Development Analysis with prototype

Author 1: Rajveer S Yaduvanshi Author 2: Harish Parthasarathy Author 3: Asok De

A new class of antenna based on magnetohydrodynamic technique is presented. Magneto-hydrodynamic Antenna, using electrically conducting fluid, such as NaCl solution under controlled electromagnetic fields is formulated and developed. Fluid resonator volume and electric field with magnetic field decides the resonant frequency and return loss respectively to make the antenna tuneable in the frequency range 4.5 to 9 GHz. The Maxwell’s equations, Navier Stokes equations and equations of mass conservation for the conducting fluid and field have been set up. These are expressed as partial differential equations for the stream function electric and magnetic fields, these equations are first order in time. By discretizing these equations, we are able to numerically evaluate velocity field of the fluid in the near field region and electromagnetic field in the far field region. We propose to design, develop, formulate and fabricate an prototype MHD antenna [1-3]. Formulations of a rotating fluid frame, evolution of pointing vector, permeability and permittivity of MHD antenna have been worked out. Proposed work presents tuning mechanism of resonant frequency and dielectric constant for frequency agility and configurability. Measured results of prototype antenna possess return loss up to -51.1dB at 8.59 GHz resonant frequency. And simulated resonant frequency comes out to be10.5GHz.

Frequency agility reconfigurability MHD radiation pattern saline water.

Abstract doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2011.020216 PDF

17

An Architectural Decision Tool Based on Scenarios and Non-functional Requirements

Author 1: Mahesh Parmar Author 2: W.U. Khan Author 3: Binod Kumar

Software architecture design is often based on architects intuition and previous experience. Little methodological support is available, but there are still no effective solutions to guide the architectural design. The most difficult activity is the transformation from non-functional requirement specification into software architecture. To achieve above things proposed “An Architectural Decision Tool Based on Scenarios and Nonfunctional Requirements”. In this proposed tool scenarios are first utilized to gather information from the user. Each scenario is created to have a positive or negative effect on a non-functional quality attribute. The non-functional quality attribute is then computed and compared to other non-quality attributes to relate to a set of design principle that are relevant to the system. Finally, the optimal architecture is selected by finding the compatibility of the design principle.

Software Architecture Automated Design Non-functional requirements Design Principle.

Abstract doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2011.020217 PDF

18

To Generate the Ontology from Java Source Code

Author 1: Gopinath Ganapathy Author 2: S. Sagayaraj

Software development teams design new components and code by employing new developers for every new project. If the company archives the completed code and components, they can be reused with no further testing unlike the open source code and components. Program File components can be extracted from the Application files and folders using API’s. The proposed framework extracts the metadata from the source code using QDox code generators and stores it in the OWL using Jena framework automatically. The source code will be stored in the HDFS repository. Code stored in the repository can be reused for software development. By Archiving all the project files in to one ontology will enable the developers to reuse the code efficiently.

component: Metadata QDox Parser Jena Ontology Web Ontology Language and Hadoop Distributed File System .

Abstract doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2011.020218 PDF

19

Query based Personalization in Semantic Web Mining

Author 1: Mahendra Thakur Author 2: Yogendra Kumar Jain Author 3: Geetika Silakari

To provide personalized support in on-line course resources system, a semantic web-based personalized learning service is proposed to enhance the learner's learning efficiency. When a personalization system relies solely on usage-based results, however, valuable information conceptually related to what is finally recommended may be missed. Moreover, the structural properties of the web site are often disregarded. In this Paper, we present a personalize Web search system, which can helps users to get the relevant web pages based on their selection from the domain list. In the first part of our work we present Semantic Web Personalization, a personalization system that integrates usage data with content semantics, expressed in ontology terms, in order to compute semantically enhanced navigational patterns and effectively generate useful recommendations. To the best of our knowledge, our proposed technique is the only semantic web personalization system that may be used by non-semantic web sites. In the second part of our work, we present a novel approach for enhancing the quality of recommendations based on the underlying structure of a web site. We introduce UPR (Usage-based Page Rank), a Page Rank-style algorithm that relies on the recorded usage data and link analysis techniques based on user interested domains and user query.

SemanticWeb Mining Personalized Recommendation Recommended System

Abstract doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2011.020219 PDF

20

A Short Description of Social Networking Websites And Its Uses

Author 1: Ateeq Ahmad

Now days the use of the Internet for social networking is a popular method among youngsters. The use of collaborative technologies and Social Networking Site leads to instant online community in which people communicate rapidly and conveniently with each other. The basic aim of this research paper is to find out the kinds of social network are commonly using by the people.

Social Network kinds Definition Social Networking web sites Growth

Abstract doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2011.020220 PDF