Blockchain is a distributed ledger technology that records transactions across a network of computers in a way that makes the resulting record difficult to alter retroactively without consensus from the network. Each block contains a cryptographically linked reference to the previous block, and consensus mechanisms, such as proof of work, proof of stake, and Byzantine fault tolerance, allow participants to agree on the ledger's state without a central authority. Beyond its origin in cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin, blockchain supports smart contracts, self-executing code on platforms like Ethereum, supply chain traceability, digital identity verification, and decentralized finance applications. Industry surveys report that nearly 90 percent of global businesses are exploring blockchain applications, driven by convergence with AI, IoT, and cloud technologies. Research in this area addresses scalability limitations, the energy consumption of consensus algorithms, interoperability between blockchain networks, and security vulnerabilities in smart contract code. As an open-access blockchain journal, IJACSA publishes research on blockchain architectures, consensus protocol improvements, and applied systems for security and supply chain management.
Published in International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications (IJACSA)
· list last refreshed September 2026
With the rapid digitization of healthcare, blockchain-integrated federated learning (FL) for EHR management faces challenges of heterogeneous data, high latency, and adversarial vulnerabilities. This study proposes a nov…
The increasing interconnectivity of smart grids exposes critical energy infrastructure to more sophisticated cyber threats, necessitating adaptable and auditable security measures. This study presents a blockchain-enable…
In recent decades, the RAFT distributed consensus algorithm has become a main pillar of the distributed systems ecosystem, ensuring data consistency and fault tolerance across multiple nodes. Although the fact that RAFT…
This paper presents a comprehensive Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) methodology for automatically transforming Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) diagrams into executable blockchain-based smart contracts. The prop…
Digital transformation has created new opportunities for organizations, but it has also intensified cybersecurity risk. In emerging economies, where institutional support and digital literacy remain limited, cybersecurit…
Counterfeit drugs represent a serious global risk, accounting for about 10% of the medicines worldwide. This per-centage increases significantly in developing countries, reaching up to 30%, and has become a major cause o…
Traceability in food supply chains is crucial for ensuring safety, enabling effective quality control, and maintaining consumer trust. However, traditional paper-based or digital tracking systems often prove too slow and…
The proliferation of IoT devices has introduced new challenges in ensuring secure communication while maintaining computational and energy efficiency. Traditional cryptographic mechanisms such as AES-128, although robust…
The blockchain functions as a distributed database, where data is securely stored across multiple servers and network nodes. It exists in various forms, with Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Hyperledger being among the most promin…
Inheritance systems worldwide are undergoing a paradigm shift evolving from manually administered processes to technologically enabled platforms for managing both tangible and digital assets. Yet, the scholarly understan…