The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to networks of physical devices, including sensors, actuators, embedded controllers, and everyday objects, that collect and exchange data over the internet without requiring direct human operation. An IoT system typically combines a sensing layer, a communication layer using protocols such as MQTT, Zigbee, and 5G, and an application layer that processes data at the edge or in the cloud. Core research problems include energy-efficient sensor design, low-latency edge computing, interoperability across heterogeneous devices, and securing large numbers of resource-constrained endpoints against intrusion. Industry estimates suggest most enterprise-generated data will soon be processed at the network edge rather than centralized data centers, reinforcing edge computing as an active research area. IoT underpins smart homes, industrial automation, precision agriculture, connected healthcare devices, and smart city infrastructure. As a peer-reviewed, open-access IoT journal, IJACSA (an Internet of Things journal) covers IoT architectures, protocols, edge-computing strategies, and security mechanisms tested in real deployment scenarios.
Published in International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications (IJACSA)
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After careful and considered review of the content of this paper by a duly constituted expert committee, this paper has been found to be in violation of IJACSA`s Publication Principles. We hereby retract the content of t…