Artificial intelligence (AI) is the branch of computer science concerned with building systems that perform tasks normally requiring human intelligence, such as reasoning, planning, perception, and language understanding. The field spans symbolic approaches (rule-based expert systems, knowledge graphs, automated planning) and statistical approaches (machine learning, deep neural networks, probabilistic reasoning), increasingly combined to improve interpretability and reliability. AI research addresses search and optimization, multi-agent coordination, knowledge representation, and generalization from limited data. Applications range from recommendation engines and autonomous vehicles to fraud detection, scientific discovery, and decision-support systems in medicine, finance, and manufacturing. Agentic AI, systems that plan and act across multi-step tasks, has become a leading research focus; Stanford's 2026 AI Index Report finds most organizations are still experimenting with AI agents rather than deploying them at scale. As a peer-reviewed, open-access artificial intelligence journal, IJACSA (an AI journal indexed in Scopus) publishes research spanning foundational algorithms to applied AI systems evaluated on real-world datasets.
Published in International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications (IJACSA)
· list last refreshed September 2026
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After careful and considered review of the content of this paper by a duly constituted expert committee, this paper has been found to be in violation of IJACSA`s Publication Principles. We hereby retract the content of t…
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