Deep Learning | IJACSA

Deep learning is a subfield of machine learning built on artificial neural networks with multiple layers that automatically learn hierarchical representations of data, reducing the need for manual feature engineering. Architectures include convolutional neural networks for image and spatial data, recurrent neural networks and long short-term memory networks for sequential data, and transformer models, which now underpin most state-of-the-art natural language processing and increasingly computer vision systems. Training deep networks typically relies on large labeled datasets, backpropagation, and gradient-based optimization, along with regularization techniques and specialized hardware such as GPUs and TPUs. A notable 2026 shift in the field favors smaller, specialized models over ever-larger ones, prioritizing reliability, transparency, and efficient inference over raw parameter count. Deep learning drives advances in image recognition, speech processing, machine translation, medical image diagnosis, and generative models for text, images, and audio. As an open-access deep learning journal, IJACSA covers novel deep learning architectures and their evaluation across vision, language, and applied domains.

Published in International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications (IJACSA) · list last refreshed September 2026